Oil Mulch

Oil Mulch

Degradation of land in dry areas due to its effect on food security and environmental quality is considered as one of the basic environmental problems in the 21st century. The world's population is affected by the phenomenon of desertification, so it is very necessary to deal with desertification in order to reduce global poverty, as well as adjust the reduction of biodiversity and man-made climate changes. Intensified erosion by water and wind in dry areas is considered one of the main causes of desertification

Erosion is a natural geomorphic process that continuously occurs on the surface of the earth, and its intensification through human intervention can have destructive effects on the quality of the soil and the environment. During two million years ago, the plateau of Iran, which took its current form as a result of orogenic changes in the third geological period, has been affected by wind and water erosion. South Asia is one of the regions in the world where water and wind erosion is one of the main problems. More than 35% of the world's lands have a dry climate, in which about 17% of the world's population lives, therefore, it can be said that on a global scale, the importance and risk of wind erosion may not be less than that of water erosion.

Wind erosion is one of the important aspects of land destruction in arid and semi-arid regions, so that it has affected about one-sixth of the world's land area. Globally, about 549 million hectares have been destroyed by wind erosion. 296 million hectares of it have severe wind erosion. Meanwhile, this phenomenon is one of the main factors limiting soil fertility in many parts of the world, including Iran. In recent decades, wind erosion has been on the rise due to improper land use, which has caused damage to biological and economic resources. Therefore, it is considered a serious challenge to sustainable production and management of agricultural lands...

Dusting of lands under the influence of wind erosion has short-term, medium-term and long-term destructive effects. Very small particles that can rise to a height of 6 km and be carried by the wind to a distance of 6000 km have affected a wide area of Iran in recent years. Atmospheric dust prevents the penetration of sunlight and reduces agricultural production by -30.5%. Other economic and social negative effects of dust include disruption of instrumentation systems, heating of electric motors and damage to turbines in industries, increase in the number of days off, immigration, increase in accidents due to reduced horizontal visibility, cancellation of flights, drop in land prices. He pointed out the increase in the need for energy and water consumption, the increase in the need for cleaning, repairs and maintenance, etc. Due to the problems caused by the movement of sand dunes and the occurrence of dust and its adverse effects on cities, villages, residential areas, industrial factories, communication lines, agricultural lands, irrigation and drainage networks, etc., soil stabilization in degraded lands and dealing with The movement of sand dunes is of special importance. Among the important measures that have been taken in the field of controlling wind erosion and stabilization of quicksand’s in the country since several decades ago, we can mention mulching. The use of protective coverings (mulch) on the soil surface has been common in agriculture since long ago, and the main motivation for this practice was to cover the soil and increase its fertility. Dusting of lands under the influence of wind erosion has short-term, medium-term and long-term destructive effects. Very small particles that can rise to a height of 6 km and be carried by the wind to a distance of 6000 km have affected a wide area of Iran in recent years. Atmospheric dust prevents the penetration of sunlight and reduces agricultural production by -30.5%. Other economic and social negative effects of dust include disruption of instrumentation systems, heating of electric motors and damage to turbines in industries, increase in the number of days off, immigration, increase in accidents due to reduced horizontal visibility, cancellation of flights, drop in land prices. He pointed out the increase in the need for energy and water consumption, the increase in the need for cleaning, repairs and maintenance, etc. Due to the problems caused by the movement of sand dunes and the occurrence of dust and its adverse effects on cities, villages, residential areas, industrial factories, communication lines, agricultural lands, irrigation and drainage networks, etc., soil stabilization in degraded lands and dealing with The movement of sand dunes is of special importance. Among the important measures that have been taken in the field of controlling wind erosion and stabilization of quicksand’s in the country since several decades ago, we can mention mulching. The use of protective coverings (mulch) on the soil surface has been common in agriculture since long ago, and the main motivation for this practice was to cover the soil and increase its fertility.