The vigorous rise in the rate of population growth in the world, mostly in the developing countries, and the limitations on agricultural lands and products call for man to bring about a quest for new resources by the year 2000 in order to meets the various demands. The Khuzestan province is located in the south of Iran, which has an area of sandy plains exceeding 350,000 ha. This is in fact 3.5% of the entire state and 29.5% of the entire agricultural land of Khuzestan. The sand encroachment by wind over the agricultural lands, roads, pipelines and residential areas is a serious economic problem in this area. Sand dunes extend from the northwest to southeast of Ahwaz in the Khuzestan province, in the form of tapes. These include some sporadic expansions consisting of over 68 varieties. The two important sand dunes are those located in Albajy with an extent of about 9,000 ha; and that in the southwest of the Karkheh river of 115,000 ha. Research proves that afforestation offers a permanent solution for the sand dune area problem. Selection of a suitable plant species for this purpose is crucial for successful afforestation. As a result, four eucalyptus species were selected in further investigations. The samples of soil, climate, and ground water were collected and analyzed for several parameters using standard procedures. In this study, petroleum mulch is used for soil conservation, especially preventing wind erosion and also based on reserves of precipitation for plants species such as the eucalyptus. After more than 6 years of cultivating four eucalyptus species, the investigation conclusively demonstrated the Eucalyptus Camaldulensis 9616 as superior (adaptation and growth) to other species in the sand dunes of the Khuzestan province.